专题32 短文填空 考点1 首字母填空（原卷版）

三年（2022-2024）中考英语真题分项汇编（全国通用）专题32 短文填空 考点1 首字母填空(2024中考真题）（2024天津中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。Long ago, the early people did not live in houses as we do today. Most of the homes were in caves or shelters (遮蔽物) which were built in trees. These ‘homes’ were only used as temporary (临时的) shelters to p 1 them from the sun, the rain and the wild animals in the forests. Men of that time were called ‘cave people’.These ‘cave people’ usually lived in small groups and life was not e 2 for them. They had to move from place to place to s 3 for food. They would hunt, fish or pick wild fruit. When they couldn’t find a 4 to eat, they would leave to find another proper place. Their tools were very simple. They ate raw (生的) food u 5 they learnt how to make a fire. For clothing, they used only the bark (树皮) of trees or the skins (皮) of animals to c 6 their bodies.However, the lives of the ‘cave people’ changed. They collected the seeds (种子) of wild plants that g 7 in the forests. Soon they learnt to plant fruit, vegetables and other crops. They also kept cows, sheep and other kinds of farm a 8 for milk, meat and skins. They became f 9 and lived in only one certain area. Their groups became l 10 than before as they lived more settled (固定的) lives. They built houses as long-lasting homes, and as a result, villages and towns developed quickly. The ‘cave people’ began to be civilized (文明的).（2024山东东营中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。Bear was busy making pies. When he woke up in spring, he would need them.“Oh no!” cried Bear. “The berries (莓) have run out. I must pick some more.”Bear went to find more berries. He walked till his foot ached, but he didn’t find any berries n 11 his home.So he decided to go deeper into the forest to look for berries. As he walked along, he felt very h 12 . He had been so busy cooking that he had eaten nothing all day.As be walked, Bear met bis friend Raccoon.“Do you have say berries for me?” asked Bear.“Sorry, but I can g 13 you some apples.” said Raccoon.“Your apples are too sour.” said Bear.Soon Bear met Squirrel.“Do you have any berries for me?” asked Bear.“No,” said Squirrel. “But I have some walnuts (核桃). You can have some.”“Thank you.” said Bear. “But I do not w 14 walnuts in my pies. I will keep searching for berries.”After a lot of effort, Bear realized that there were no berries left.Suddenly, snow began to fall. Bear raced home. Then he jumped into bed. B 15 he could not sleep. He was so hungry.“Oh dear.” said Bear. I will have to eat my pies. But if so, I will have n 16 for spring. Bear was too hungry to worry about it. He ate up all the pies u 17 he felt full at last. Soon he was fast asleep. Bear slept for many months.Spring came. Bear w 18 up. He was very, very hungry.Just then, Raccoon and Squirrel came. They were each holding a pie.“Those pies smell delicious.” said Bear.“Oh. I don’t think you would like my sour apple pie.” said Raccoon.“And I am sure you wouldn’t like my walnut pie.” said Squirrel.When Bear opened his mouth to speak, Raccoon put some apple pie in Bear’s m 19 .“Yum, this is good!” cried Bear.Squirrel gave Bear some walnut pie.“Wow, walnut pie is great, t 20 ,” said Bear.“Aren’t you glad we educated you about pies?” said Squirrel.“I am.” Bear said. “My next pies will have new fillings (馅).”（2024江苏连云港中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。Community connects us with each other. A community is a p 21 where people live, work and play together. It’s just like a school, where s 22 help each other to learn. People in a community h 23 one another, too. People in a community have different skills. They often help neighbors s 24 all kinds of problems. For example, sometimes people do not feel well. The d 25 and nurses will make them feel better. There are also some engineers. They may help people f 26 their broken bicycles or washing machines. When people don’t know what to wear to a party or how to design their homes, the artists will give them some a 27 .Some college students work as volunteers in their s 28 time. They often do some cleaning for the old people and help students with their h 29 .Community is not a building or an organization. It is like a big f 30 . Members of a community have a sense of trust, safety and caring for each other.（2024江苏扬州中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Even though my grandfather was a farmer, my grandmother would iron his work clothes every day. Grandmother mixed up her own starch (淀粉浆) in a glass b 31 with a metal cap that had several holes. She sprinkled Grandfather’s jeans with the starch, hung them over a chair for a few minutes, and then i 32 them.Because I watched her do this through my childhood, I thought every old woman did it. But as the years passed, I began to question this p 33 . Why did Grandfather need his work clothes ironed? Most days, he never saw anyone b 34 me and maybe a few other farmers. The clothes became dirty in just a short time. Why did Grandmother s 35 devote time and effort to ironing Grandfather’s clothes that were rarely seen?One day when I was about 13, I asked Grandmother about it. She told me Grandfather was the most handsome man in the world. Later that day, I looked c 36 at Grandfather. He sure didn’t look so handsome to me. He was short and fat with false teeth (假牙). Later I told her my thought.She gave me a girlish smile and said, “You just aren’t looking in the right light, Cathy. I remember when he had r 37 teeth. He has the most beautiful eyes I have ever seen. They are e 38 the same color as the sky just before the sun goes down. I want the world to see my h 39 as the most beautiful man. I want him to feel beautiful. I iron his clothes every day because for all these years, he has made me feel beautiful.”The years went on, and I watched Grandmother and Grandfather grow old together. I was probably 30 when I u 40 what beauty really was. It was Grandmother ironing Grandfather’s jeans with starch from a glass bottle.(2023中考真题） （2023山东东营统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。My parents got Arthur’s Family Laundromat (洗衣店) from my grandfather. It was a true family business. My father, my mother and my aunt were responsible for different jobs. E 1 my retired (退休的) grandfather helps with the cleaning now and then. My father said that the most important machine in the Laundromat wasn’t the washing machine. It was the coffee pot by the door. The coffee was free and almost every c 2 would have a cup and chat with my family while waiting for their clean clothes. In the hours a 3 school or on weekends, it was my job to keep the coffee pot full. At least ten times each day, I would clean up the wet coffee grounds (咖啡渣), weigh 40 g of coffee beans, fill the pot with water, and turn on the coffee machine. It was such a b 4 job that I could have done it in my sleep. I remember complaining one busy day. “W 5 do we have to give away coffee? We’re a Laundromat, not a coffee shop!” I said angrily. My father was surprised at my attitude. At once he s 6 what he was doing to talk to me. With a patient but serious expression on his f 7 he spoke: “Son, people choose our laundromat b 8 we serve them like friends. We offer them a cup of coffee. We chat with them, laugh with them and connect with them. People don’t just need a p 9 to clean their clothes. They need friendship. That is why your job is the most important job in the laundromat.”My father’s words had the expected effect. From then on, I do the job more c 10 . After all, I had the most important job in the laundromat.（2023江苏徐州中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。Ali has worked and lived in Shandong Province for almost six years. When his friends suggested g 11 to Rizhao for a two-day trip, the first things that came into his mind were its beautiful beaches and nice seafood. Rizhao certainly goes b 12 that! It is also “hometown of green tea” in northern China. Rizhao l 13 in the southeast of Shandong Province near the Yellow Sea. It has pleasant weather, rich soil, and enough sunlight. All these make it s 14 for growing high-quality green tea. Ali had the chance to pick tea leaves for the first time in his life. “This is the first time I’ve learned about Chinese tea culture. It’s a new and exciting experience for me. It’s fantastic!” Ali said with a smile on his f 15 .（2023广东广州统考中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。Today is Duanwu Jie, or Dragon Boat Festival, one of the most important festivals in China. Chinese people r 16 the great patriotic poet (爱国诗人) Qu Yuan by rowing dragon boats and making zongzi on this day.My village is famous for its great protection of traditional c 17 and we have the best dragon boat race team of the city. Every year, villagers raise our dragon boats from under the river about a month before the festival. And then it is c 18 cleaned and repainted. Our dragon boat is already 40 years old. Made of a special kind of wood, it is still strong enough to l 19 for a long time.This year, my elder brother is accepted into our dragon boat race team as its youngest member. He’s only 18, and I’m so p 20 of him. （2023江苏扬州统考中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）Peter Pan wishes Wendy, John and Michael, especially Wendy, would stay in Neverland forever, but finally the Darling children decide to fly back home and grow up.“Quick, Tink,” Peter whispers. “S 1 the window. Then when Wendy comes back, she will think her mother doesn’t love her anymore, and she will return to Neverland with me.”Mrs. Darling is playing the piano. Peter didn’t know the tune, Home, Sweet Home, b 2 he knows it’s saying, “Come back, Wendy, Wendy, Wendy.” Peter looks through the door and sees two big tears in Mrs. Darling’s eyes.“She loves Wendy,” he thinks. “But I love Wendy, too. We c 3 both have her.”He looks at Mrs. Darling again. The two tears are still sitting on her e 4 .“Oh, all right,” he says at last, sadly. Then he opens the window.When Wendy, John, and Michael arrive, they find the window o 5 for them. They all get into bed to surprise their mother.When Mrs. Darling goes back to the children’s room, they are all in their beds. They wait for her to say something, but she says n 6 . She thinks she is dreaming. She sits by the fire.The children are so w 7 . Why isn’t their mother happy to see them again? All three of them jump out of bed, run to her and shout, “Mother!” She realizes she is not d 8 anymore. Mr. Darling and Nana come in. They are all so happy. Peter w 9 them from the window but he is looking at something he will never have.Many years pass. When Peter visits Wendy again, she has g 10 up and has a daughter of her own. Peter is still a boy who can’t grow up.—Taken from Peter Pan（2023天津统考中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。A smile shows that a person is happy. For example, a person may smile when he or she is p 11 with some progress in studies. Or a person may smile if a friend tells a funny joke. There are other good r 12 to smile often.First, it is e 13 to smile than to show unhappiness. In fact, it only takes 17 muscles (肌肉) to smile. On the other hand, it takes 43 muscles to show unhappiness. So give the muscles in your f 14 a rest and smile!Second, smiles are nice. People may try to l 15 nice by exercising or wearing nice clothes. However, people often say a smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because it is easy to be a 16 someone who is smiling and happy. Almost no one wants to stay with someone who is always unhappy.Third, smiles have power (感染力). Both smiling and laughing can easily and quickly s 17 from one person to another. If one person smiles, people around him or her want to smile, too. Similarly, when a person laughs, people tend (往往会) to laugh with him or her. If a person is s 18 , the best thing to do is to share a smile or a laugh. It is the easiest way to cheer someone up.F 19 , smiling and laughing are very good for the body. Even though you are sad, try smiling. You’ll find that it will be difficult to s 20 sad for very long!（2023江苏连云港统考中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。The traditional Chinese lunar calendar has 24 solar terms (节气) in a year. Ancient Chinese people created this system to m 21 the change of time based on the sun’s position. In ancient times, this system guided farming activities. It t 22 farmers what to do according to the changes in temperature. Today, 24 solar terms still play an important role in Chinese people’s e 23 life. They remind people of the changes in s 24 and to eat suitable food. This ancient time system has gained new charm now. In Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, the director used a new countdown (倒计时) method, showing 24 solar terms instead of numbers. This creative method was greatly p 25 by people around the world. They are amazed by the wisdom of Chinese people.(2022中考真题）（一）（2022广东广州中考真题）阅读短文，根据上下文和所给的首字母写出所缺单词。注意使用正确形式，每空限填一词。答卷时，要求写出完整单词。Dunbuang is a historic city in Gansu. In ancient times, Dunhuang was an important c ___46___ of trade. As the Silk Road developed, Dunhuang became China’s western gateway to the world. Here, different cultures met and influenced each other. People from f ___47___ countries did business and communicated with the local people.If you v ___48___ Dunhuang, you will be able to see the Mogao Caves（莫高窟）. If you walk i ___49___ , you will discover some of the wonderful artworks. There are over 45,000 square metres of beautiful paintings on the cave walls, as well as thousands of statues.Over the years, China has made great efforts to protect the Mogao Caves. Today, you can also find high-quality photos of the artworks on the Internet. People all over the world now have a c ___50___ to see Dunhuang’s treasures online.（二）（2022湖北武汉中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出。Erie Green has always wondered about things that live in the ocean. When he was y____46____ , he loved to swim. He liked to watch all kinds of underwater animals and plants through his mask (潜水面罩). When he grew up, he wanted to l____47____ for new things in the ocean. Today, Mr. Green is a marine ecologist (海洋生态学家). He studies how underwater animals and plants connect with each other and need each other to stay a____48____. Mr. Green studies coral reefs (珊瑚) in the Pacific Ocean. A coral reef is like a big underwater t____49____. Thousands of animals and plants live there. They compete for food and space there. As a result, the beautiful coral reefs get i____50____ easily. Mr. Green also studies how people’s actions can change coral reefs. Sometimes people pollute the water or overfish, so the w____51____ that all the living things are joined together has been changed. If coral reefs get hurt, many animals have to find new homes. Some animals’ n____52____ drop low, and some animals just disappear. Mr. Green wants to p____53____ this from happening. Mr. Green believes that all living things in a coral reef should be k____54____ safe. “Underwater ecosystems are like airplanes,” Mr. Green says. “They need all of their parts to work correctly.” “To take better care of marine homes, we first must k____55____ them. Only through that, can we understand the great influence humans have on these places.” Mr. Green says.（三）（2022江苏连云港中考真题）根据短文意思和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。Erhu is one of the most important Chinese instruments. It has a history of o____51____ 1,000 years. It is said that Erhu did not get its name u____52____ the late Qing Dynasty. It has been improved gradually since it appeared. It is also c____53____ the Chinese violin because its tone is as soft and bright as the violin’s. There are many w____54____ pieces of music played by Erhu, such as The Moon Reflected on the Er-quan Spring. You can go and e____55____ the charm of them. I hope you’ll love them.（四）（2022江苏扬州中考真题）根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）The Grand Canal（大运河）is a man-made waterway that runs north and south in eastern China. Dating back 2,500 years and stretching 1,794 kilometers, it is among the world’s oldest and l___51___ canals. Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is located on the bank of the ancient Grand Canal in Yangzhou, one of the eight c___52___ in Jiangsu province sitting along the Grand Canal.The museum o___53___ its doors to the public on June 16,2021. It covers an area of some 80,000 square meters. It has two structures: a four-story building in the s___54___ of a giant ship waiting to set sail, and a 100-meter-tall Tang-Dynasty-style tower.The museum has 11 themed exhibitions（展览）. They are telling the h___55___ of the Sui-Tang Grand Canal built during the Sui and Tang Dynasties（581-907）, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the East Zhejiang Canal. These canals offer a wealth of historic and cultural attractions w___56___ they continue to be used for transport, irrigation（灌溉）and flood control. The 25.7-meter-long, 8-meter-high ancient Bian River section is c___57___ by many as the “treasure of the museum”.So far, the museum has over 10,000 exhibits（展品）, including 20 groups of large ones, making it the best collection to show the grandness of the canal and h___58___ people changed nature.Passing t___59___ the exhibition hall and into the antiquated（老式的）streets, visitors can see restaurants and shops along the street, as if walking in the water village on the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Yangzhou China Grand Canal Museum is different from all the other m____60____ which are themed on the Grand Canal in China. Why not come and visit it yourself?（五）（2022天津中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But no roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not useful, s____46____ library books arrive on the backs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian (图书管理员) w____47____ to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 kilos of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the b____48____ to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels c____49____ back with new books.Some people in the mountains of northern Thailand (泰国) get books in a d____50____ way. Their “l____51____” are carried by elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. Because they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases (金属箱). The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that f____52____ in the area.Indonesia (印度尼西亚) has its own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people t____53____ by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds(容纳) about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded (交换) for new books a few weeks l____54____.For people who live far and can’t get to a library, a library that comes to them brings more than books. It brings a whole w_____55_____ of information.（六）（2022江苏徐州中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。When people meet strangers, they often have small talks. These talks are a good way for people to s____1____ hello. The talks cover many topics, such as weather, films, sports, TV shows o____2____ the latest news. But we should always keep it in mind that p____3____ subjects about money, age, and weight should be avoided. Besides, it’s better to ask open-ended questions. If you ask, “Do you like our city?” They may say s____4____, “Yes”. If you ask, “What do you think of our city?” They will have more freedom in answering. This type of question also shows that you are interested in them. If you seem interested in w____5____ people are saying, they will feel more comfortable talking with you.（七）（2022江苏镇江中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。To many young Chinese people, Premier Zhou Enlai is known as a key founder of the New China. But f____6____ people know he once wrote a martial arts novel called Jin Guo Ying Xiong.Recently, a Sina Weibo user m____7____ this novel written by Zhou more than a century ago. Many young people showed a strong i____8____ in it and their admiration for the early pioneers of China. Another user posted the first page of the novel which Zhou wrote at the a____9____ of 16. It was published under Zhou’s pseudonym(笔名) “Fei Fei” in a magazine beginning in October, 1914. However, the novel was never completed, but it can be found a____10____. The Early Works of Zhou Enlai were published by the Central Party Literature Press in 1998.A____11____ many young people expressed the regret that Zhou did not go on with the novel, they said he played a more important role in China’s history. One wrote “The novel was stopped but Premier Zhou went on to s____12____ the Chinese nation out of danger!” Another added, “He gave up a novel, but he wrote a history of m____13____ China.” A 29-year-old computer engineer said, “The pioneers of China are spiritual leaders for me. Remembering them helped me build up the r____14____ values. When I face problems in life, I am always reminded not to f____15____ the lives of those pioneers. The difficulties I face now are nothing compared with what they experienced.”（八）（2022江苏泰州中考真题）根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。It was a beautiful fall day. I was out riding my bicycle. I guessed I rode over a hole in the road. All of a sudden, WHAM(砰)! I fell off my bicycle. My right side really h__16__!My head hit the ground h__17__. I lay there for a few minutes. I tried to get up, b__18__ I failed! “There must be s__19__ wrong with me,” I thought. I felt so t__20__ that I had to still lie there. Then I saw b__21__ on my shoe. My hand and knee were bleeding.As I lay there, I took off my helmet. There was a sharp rock sticking out of it. I looked at it in f__22__. Thank goodness I wore my helmet!I shouted for help. At that time, a truck went by. The driver s__23__ his truck and came to help me. He put my bicycle in the back of his truck and drove me to the hospital.When my mother got to the hospital, she gave me a big hug(拥抱). “I’m so glad you were wearing your helmet. The helmet saved your life,” she said. She knew I was c__24__ before and did not always wear my helmet. “Mum, it was not the helmet i__25__ that saved my life, but safety awareness did. I’ll ride my bicycle with great care later on!”