英语-江苏省泰州中学2023-2024学年高二上学期第二次月考

江苏省泰州中学高二年级2023-2024学年度秋学期第二次质量检测英语学科试卷(满分150分 考试时间：120分钟)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the woman’s cousin compete in this year?A. Baseball. B. Running. C. Swimming.2. Where will the speakers probably get the toy?A. At an online shop. B. In a physical store. C. From a shopping program.3. What are the speakers doing? A. Making a card. B. Writing a letter. C. Decorating a house.4. When does the man need to get up? A. At 3:00 a.m. B. At 4:00 a.m. C. At 7:00 a.m.5. What will the man probably do this weekend? A. Have a picnic. B. Prepare for a test. C. Learn about science.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How did the man learn about the movie?A. By reading a newspaper. B. By talking to a friend. C. By watching TV.7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Movie star and fan. B. Husband and wife. C. Friends.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At an airport. B. At home. C. In a taxi.9. Why will the man take circles in the city?A. There is plenty of time.B. The highway isn’t available.C. The traffic is busy during rush hours.10. What lesson did the woman previously learn?A. Leaving for the airport early.B. Booking a taxi ahead of time.C. Packing the bag in advance.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11 How did the woman get the glasses?A. A tech company gave her as a gift.B. Her friend asked her to test it.C. She bought it from a store.12. What does the woman’s mother think of the glasses?A She is surprised at them.B. She is curious about them.C. She is uninterested in them.13. Where will the glasses be used?A. In schools. B. In game stores. C. In tourist attractions.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. How to put a band together.B. How to sign up a social media account.C. How to attract more visitors to a website.15. How often did the man share his website before? A. Hardly ever. B. Once a day. C. Twice a day.16. Who is good at designing posters?A. May. B. Ann. C. Joe.17. What have the speakers agreed on doing together?A. Practicing for the band. B. Putting up posters. C. Having dinner.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What is great about Finland’s education system?A. It keeps up with the times.B. It sticks to traditional education.C. It focuses on classroom learning.19. Who will help rate the students’ performance?A. Other students. B. Company employees. C. Family members.20. What is wrong about traditional education according to Kirsti Lonka?A. It makes math and grammar harder to learn.B. It makes real-life problems simple for students.C. It makes students depend too much on teachers.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分42.5)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAt the end of the nineteenth century, an Englishman living in Brazil sent his son Charles Miller across the Atlantic to be educated in England. During his stay in England, Charles grew passionately keen on football and often sharpened his skills in the playground. In 1894, he packed his bags and returned to his family in Brazil. In his bags, he took a football as a souvenir.Back in Brazil, Charles was willing to consider and accept other people’s opinions. When he talked to local people about their leisure activities, it suddenly hit him that he could try to get them interested in football. At first he had little success; the only people who showed any interest were young Englishmen who walked on the street; thus the first game of football in Brazil was played between two teams of young Englishmen, on a field from which the goats and cows had been removed.Charles asked some journalists to come and see this new English game, but none came along. However, as the weeks went past, the scene of twenty-two young people running around after a ball began attracting viewers from schools nearby. Then, young local men began kicking balls around too.“Balls” is perhaps the wrong word — the only football in Brazil at the time was the one that Charles Miller had brought back with him from England. The Brazilian viewers had to create their own footballs, using cans or whatever they could find to make them with. After a short period of time, these local viewers could defeat the foreign players easily without proper training. They were gifted in playing the game because they could move more quickly and easily with the ball.Then, the football game became a great attraction in Sao Paulo. By 1901, there was already a league of clubs in Sao Paulo.1. Why did Charles Miller bring a football to Brazil?A. To be a professional player.B. To organize a football club.C. To remember his days in the UK.D. To get Brazilians interested in the game.2. Which word can best describe Charles Miller?A. Talented.B. Successful.C. Popular.D. Open-minded.3. Where did Charles Miller hold the first football game in Brazil?A. In the playground.B. On a livestock farm.C. On the street.D. At the stadium.4. What do we know about the local players?A. They bought footballs from Charles Miller.B. They were trained by professional players.C. They were swifter in handling the ball.D. They attracted many journalists when playing the ball.BPeople need to vote to decide who will be their president. But humans aren’t the only creatures on Earth who vote. Other animals, from honeybees to baboons (狒狒), make group decisions. They just do it differently, and for different reasons. Instead of voting for a president, animals vote on where to live or when to hunt. Meerkats (猫鼬), like humans, negotiate decisions. They are prudent, trying very hard to avoid doing anything wrong. When searching for food, the animals get together for protection from hunters. But when a meerkat wants to accelerate the search, the animal will make a “move call”. If three or more meerkats make this call, the group will move faster.African wild dogs also vote in groups. Scientists have found that after socializing, the animals would decide whether to hunt. How do the dogs vote in support of hunting? They sneeze! Whether the dogs will actually go on a hunt is decided by the number of sneezes. The more the dogs sneeze, the more likely it is that they will look for a meal. However, the alpha dog, the dominant dog of the pack, likes other dogs to follow its own decision even when others don’t vote, because it believes it can have better chances of getting big game. However, after the hunt, other dogs in the group have to wait for the alpha dog to finish its meal while they are starving to death. Sometimes, the alpha dog may leave nothing for the rest of the dogs.Humans make decisions too. If you have a group of people, and one person says, “Let’s have pizza,” and no one agrees, then nothing is going to happen. But once your grandfather says “That’s an excellent idea”, the whole group will probably go out for pizzas. Humans tend to follow the decisions made by the seniors because they want to show respect for them.Just like humans, animals don’t always agree with one another. But joining in group decisions helps make sure of their survival. It is extremely interesting to see how animals reach an agreement and stick together.5. What does the underlined word “prudent” in Paragraph 1 means?A. Hard-working.B. Friendly.C. Greedy.D. Cautious.6. What do the meerkats vote on?A. The choice of the leader.B. The selection of food.C. The place for living.D. The speed of hunting.7. What do we know about the alpha dog?A. It likes to hunt game alone.B. It sneezes when it finds a meal.C. It has the right to eat the meal first.D. It likes to share food with other dogs.8. Why does the author mention humans eating pizzas?A. To draw a comparison.B. To place an emphasis.C. To reach a conclusion.D. To make a suggestion.CAcademic demands are a key source of stress for college students. Unlike in high school, students in college are expected to manage their workload without much guidance from teachers, and it’s easy to feel lost in a class with several hundred peers. Our research suggests that, on average, stress goes up as academic demands go up, peaking ahead of final exams and then falling again.It can be comforting to know that academic stress is a shared experience. It may also help to know that temporary increases in stress can benefit students under some circumstances. Our longer-term research across four years found that students earned higher grades in semesters when they experienced bout of (一阵) negative moods. A rise in negative moods one semester may reflect that extra effort was needed to meet academic challenges. The important reminder here is that we only observed this effect for students who were typically happy overall, showing the importance of maintaining good emotional balance.Some students can’t adapt themselves to the life without support and care from their families. For example, international students who live further away from their families may feel homesick stronger. Maintaining friendships and balancing social demands with academics is another key source of stress for college students. In college, the relationship between students and teachers can be totally different from in high schools. It is hard for some students to be involved in college class.What distinguished the students who reported less stressed and more satisfaction across the year, including during their job search, was their outlook. Despite plans not working out exactly as hoped, recent graduates with greater well-being were able to increase effort and keep moving forward through challenges. These graduates were also moving forward with a sense of purpose, or a general sense that they were on a meaningful path, and optimism about the path they were on, expecting good things to happen in the future.Additionally, their expectations about how and when their goals would be achieved were flexible, and they were open to new or unexpected opportunities. Finally, recent graduates with greater well-being also had more supportive social networks that they could rely on for advice, comfort, and help along the way.9. What can we learn about academic stress?A. Top college students seldom have academic stress.B. Students are most anxious at the start of a semester.C An increase in negative moods can make students study harder.D. Students should decrease workload to maintain emotional balance.10. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The emotional stress of college students.B. The difficulty in making friends in college.C. The importance of having good teachers in college.D. The reasons why international students are more stressed.11. What can students who have more satisfaction do?A. They can adjust their expectations when needed.B. They can create opportunities in time.C. They can give people practical suggestions.D. They can avoid difficult challenges smartly.12. What is the text mainly about?A. College students.B. College students’ stress.C. Recent graduates.D. Recent graduates’ expectations.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The current population of oysters (牡蛎) is only a small part of their historic levels. ____13____. To help maintain existing habitats, the state requires licenses for the harvesting of shellfish and controls where and when the harvesting activity can take place. South Carolina’s Department of Natural Resources has also planned to recycle and replant oyster shells.____14____. They serve as anchors to which babies can attach themselves. Returning shells to the state’s rivers ensures that any larvae (幼虫) looking for a home can find something to which they can be attached.The critical nature of oysters in the ecosystem is difficult to overstate. Along the Atlantic shoreline of the United States, the Eastern Oyster is considered a foundation species. Oysters gather together as part of their natural life cycle, forming reefs that provide the habitat for fish, crabs, and other small ocean creatures. ____15____.In addition to being the bedrock of many underwater communities, oysters also help maintain the cleanliness of South Carolina’s coastal waters. Dirty water comes in from the ocean and gets filtered by oysters. Water goes back out cleanly. ____16____. Tourists want to go to beautiful and clean beaches, come out on boat trips, and see dolphins.South Carolina is working hard to rebuild coastal reefs that will support and sustain future oyster populations. It’s worth keeping in mind that every shell removed from the river could be the base for the next year’s new oysters. ____17____, it’s going to be a long time before we get enough recruitment (增长) in the oyster population to keep it sustainable.A. Once we lose that natural shell baseB. These little tiny fish need somewhere to hideC. Because it is important to recycle the oyster shellsD. Even the local tourism industry relies on this effect of oystersE The best place to settle is going to be where there are adult oystersF. South Carolina is actively working to restore and sustain its wild oystersG. Oyster shells, both live and dead, provide the main habitat for the next generation第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分37.5分)第一节 完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I was 10 years into my career, happily working at my research as a biology professor, when something unusual happened and I had to ___18___ my focus to teaching undergraduate classes.It was hard to drop a research program that had defined my career and fueled (激发) my passions. To ___19___ the research world, I began to include journal articles in my undergraduate course, ___20___ lively discussions about the latest discoveries. ___21___, my students rarely dived into (钻研) the papers fully.My students were ___22___ with memorizing facts, but they lacked deep understanding of how the conclusions were drawn. The ingenuity (独创力) of research — what I loved most about being a scientist — was ___23___ on them.This changed the way I ___24___. I spent multiple classes deconstructing a single paper with my students, ___25___ each figure and table. I then asked, “If you had co-authored the paper, what would you do next?”Some ___26___, “I’m not creative.” But I asked them to give it a try. After taking part in some group discussions, the students changed their _____27_____. They were amazed by the variety of follow-up studies their classmates had thought up. They argued _____28_____ about which ideas were better, expressing surprise when other groups made different choices. I was _____29_____ to see each student commit to an idea, in the process discovering something about their own powers of _____30_____.What I really wanted my students to do was to develop their own inventiveness and _____31_____ their imaginations. I hoped that what they learned about their own _____32_____ would be the knowledge that lasts.18. A. addB. shiftC. returnD. narrow19. A. keep away fromB. look back onC. get down toD. stay close to20. A. holdingB. preparingC. expectingD. ignoring21. A. HoweverB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. Therefore22. A. movedB. patientC. boredD. comfortable23. A. hiddenB. reflectedC. lostD. found24 A. livedB. thoughtC. searchedD. taught25. A. analyzingB. drawingC. editingD. memorizing26. A. hopedB. hesitatedC. decidedD. pretended27. A. attitudesB. tasksC. methodsD. plans28. A. angrilyB. jokinglyC. proudlyD. passionately29. A. excitedB. curiousC. inspiredD. grateful30. A. concentrationB. observationC. inventionD. devotion31. A. show offB. tap intoC. depend onD. check out32. A. performanceB. progressC. creativityD. adventure第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Like the building itself, the cats which walk freely around the basement of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg have survived changing fortunes.____33____ (treat) like royalty, the 65 cats enjoy 24-hour medical care, feeding and freedom. Catherine the Great____34____ (reported) called them the “Guardians of the Galleries,” though they are not allowed into the galleries of____35____ was once the Winter Palace. However, it is not rare for a visitor outside the building to come across a cat____36____ (lie) in the sun. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, many in St. Petersburg could no longer afford to care for their cats, and so the Hermitage____37____ (decide) to adopt some of the stray (无主的)cats to add to the descendants of the____38____ (origin) cats brought from the city of Kazan 100 years before that. Now as then, the Hermitage will take in stray cats that find their way____39____ the museum. These are given a new life____40____ kept fed and healthy. If____41____ (mouse) pass close, the cats will catch. Most of the time they need not kill anything, as their smell serves____42____ (keep) most mice away. Many of the cats’ ancestors have been immortalized (使名传后世) for their service to the state in paintings on the very walls of the museum they defended.第三节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题0.5分，满分7.5分)43. “Why did Ben do that?” she asked, in a ________ (哽咽) voice.(根据汉语提示拼写单词)44. Now women ________(参加) in the liberation struggle are finding new roles. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)45. Facilities for people with ___________(残疾) are still not enough. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)46. Do you believe in the mysterious and other supernatural ________ (现象)?(根据汉语提示拼写单词)47. They had ______________ (无意地) provided wrong information. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)48. One of themain________ (优先事项)therefore was to make the whole building accessible to kids. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)49. The farmer was accused of________(残忍)toanimals. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)50. Misunderstandings a________ from lack of social communication may lead to serious problems. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)51. Relative poverty, however, did not prevent Martin from e_________ himself with an excellent education. （根据首字母单词拼写）52. The Royal Palace d________ back to the 16th century is undergoing restoration. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)53. Staff and students e________ a warm welcome to visiting parents the other day. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)54. The most terrible thing to put up with is the woman boss’s a_______ smile. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)55. There are a few professionals in the race, but most are enthusiastic a________.(根据首字母提示拼写单词)56. His speech was greeted withthunderous a________.(根据首字母提示拼写单词)57. Tanzania is a country c________ to building socialism in the long term. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节 应用文(满分15分)58. 假如你是李华，上周五你校举办了一次远足研学活动。请给你校英文报写一篇报道。内容包括：1. 活动目的；2. 活动内容；3. 活动反响。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。An Educational Outing________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二节 读后续写(满分25分)59. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。No Crown for me“Will you come with us, Susan?” cried several little girls to a schoolmate. “We are going to the woods; do come, too.” “I should like to go with you very much,” replied Susan, with a sigh, “but I cannot finish the task grandmother set me to do.” “How tiresome it must be to stay at home to work on a holiday!” said Rose, one of the girls, shaking her head. “Susan’s grandmother is too strict.”Susan heard this remark, and, as she bent her head over her task, she wiped away a tear, and thought of the pleasant afternoon the girls would spend gathering wild flowers in the woods.Soon she said to herself, “What harm can there be in moving the mark grandmother put in the stocking? The woods must be very beautiful today, and how I should like to be in them! ”“Grandmother,” said she, a few minutes afterwards, “I am ready, now.” “What, so soon, Susan?” Her grandmother took the work, and looked at it very closely.“True, Susan,” said she, laying great stress on each word. “True, I count twenty turns from the mark, and, as you have never cheated me, you may go and amuse yourself as you like the rest of the day.”Susan’s cheeks were red, and she did not say, “Thank you.” As she left the cottage, she walked slowly away, not singing as usual.“Why, here is Susan!” the girls cried, when she joined their company. “But what is the matter? Why have you left your dear, old grandmother? ” they asked.“There is nothing the matter.” As Susan repeated the words, she felt that she was trying to deceive herself. She had acted a lie. At the same time, she remembered her grandmother’s words, “You have never deceived me.”“Yes, I have deceived her,” she said to herself. “If she knew all, she would never trust me again.”Paragraph 1The little party had reached an open space in the woods. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2“Now, Susan.” said Rose, “Put on the crown of flowers, for you are to be our queen.”___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________江苏省泰州中学高二年级2023-2024学年度秋学期第二次质量检测英语学科试卷(满分150分 考试时间：120分钟)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What will the woman’s cousin compete in this year?A. Baseball. B. Running. C. Swimming.2. Where will the speakers probably get the toy?A. At an online shop. B. In a physical store. C. From a shopping program.3. What are the speakers doing? A. Making a card. B. Writing a letter. C. Decorating a house.4. When does the man need to get up? A. At 3:00 a.m. B. At 4:00 a.m. C. At 7:00 a.m.5. What will the man probably do this weekend? A. Have a picnic. B. Prepare for a test. C. Learn about science.第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How did the man learn about the movie?A. By reading a newspaper. B. By talking to a friend. C. By watching TV.7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Movie star and fan. B. Husband and wife. C. Friends.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. At an airport. B. At home. C. In a taxi.9. Why will the man take circles in the city?A. There is plenty of time.B. The highway isn’t available.C. The traffic is busy during rush hours.10. What lesson did the woman previously learn?A. Leaving for the airport early.B. Booking a taxi ahead of time.C. Packing the bag in advance.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. How did the woman get the glasses?A. A tech company gave her as a gift.B. Her friend asked her to test it.C. She bought it from a store.12. What does the woman’s mother think of the glasses?A. She is surprised at them.B. She is curious about them.C. She is uninterested in them.13 Where will the glasses be used?A. In schools. B. In game stores. C. In tourist attractions.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. How to put a band together.B. How to sign up a social media account.C. How to attract more visitors to a website.15. How often did the man share his website before? A. Hardly ever. B. Once a day. C. Twice a day.16. Who is good at designing posters?A. May. B. Ann. C. Joe.17. What have the speakers agreed on doing together?A. Practicing for the band. B. Putting up posters. C. Having dinner.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. What is great about Finland’s education system?A. It keeps up with the times.B. It sticks to traditional education.C. It focuses on classroom learning.19. Who will help rate the students’ performance?A. Other students. B. Company employees. C. Family members.20. What is wrong about traditional education according to Kirsti Lonka?A. It makes math and grammar harder to learn.B. It makes real-life problems simple for students.C. It makes students depend too much on teachers.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分42.5)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A,B,C,D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAt the end of the nineteenth century, an Englishman living in Brazil sent his son Charles Miller across the Atlantic to be educated in England. During his stay in England, Charles grew passionately keen on football and often sharpened his skills in the playground. In 1894, he packed his bags and returned to his family in Brazil. In his bags, he took a football as a souvenir.Back in Brazil, Charles was willing to consider and accept other people’s opinions. When he talked to local people about their leisure activities, it suddenly hit him that he could try to get them interested in football. At first he had little success; the only people who showed any interest were young Englishmen who walked on the street; thus the first game of football in Brazil was played between two teams of young Englishmen, on a field from which the goats and cows had been removed.Charles asked some journalists to come and see this new English game, but none came along. However, as the weeks went past, the scene of twenty-two young people running around after a ball began attracting viewers from schools nearby. Then, young local men began kicking balls around too.“Balls” is perhaps the wrong word — the only football in Brazil at the time was the one that Charles Miller had brought back with him from England. The Brazilian viewers had to create their own footballs, using cans or whatever they could find to make them with. After a short period of time, these local viewers could defeat the foreign players easily without proper training. They were gifted in playing the game because they could move more quickly and easily with the ball.Then, the football game became a great attraction in Sao Paulo. By 1901, there was already a league of clubs in Sao Paulo.1. Why did Charles Miller bring a football to Brazil?A. To be a professional player.B. To organize a football club.C. To remember his days in the UK.D. To get Brazilians interested in the game.2. Which word can best describe Charles Miller?A. Talented.B. Successful.C. Popular.D. Open-minded.3. Where did Charles Miller hold the first football game in Brazil?A. In the playground.B. On a livestock farm.C. On the street.D. At the stadium.4. What do we know about the local players?A. They bought footballs from Charles Miller.B. They were trained by professional players.C. They were swifter in handling the ball.D. They attracted many journalists when playing the ball.【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Charles Miller将足球引入巴西圣保罗的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“In his bags, he took a football as a souvenir.(在他的包里，他带了一个足球作为纪念品)”可知，Charles Miller带一个足球回巴西是为了纪念他在英国的日子，故选C。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Back in Brazil, Charles was willing to consider and accept other people’s opinions.(回到巴西后，Charles愿意考虑并接受别人的意见)”可知，Charles愿意考虑并接受别人的意见，故可推知，他是一个思想开明的人，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“thus the first game of football in Brazil was played between two teams of young Englishmen, on a field from which the goats and cows had been removed.(因此，巴西的第一场足球比赛是在两支年轻的英国球队之间进行的，在一个山羊和奶牛被清除的场地上)”可知，巴西的第一场足球赛是在一个畜牧场举行的，故选B。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“After a short period of time, these local viewers could defeat the foreign players easily without proper training. They were gifted in playing the game because they could move more quickly and easily with the ball.(经过很短的时间，这些本地观众不经过适当的训练就能轻松击败外国选手。他们在比赛中很有天赋，因为他们能更快更轻松地带球移动)”可知，巴西本地运动员带球速度更快，故选C。BPeople need to vote to decide who will be their president. But humans aren’t the only creatures on Earth who vote. Other animals, from honeybees to baboons (狒狒), make group decisions. They just do it differently, and for different reasons. Instead of voting for a president, animals vote on where to live or when to hunt. Meerkats (猫鼬), like humans, negotiate decisions. They are prudent, trying very hard to avoid doing anything wrong. When searching for food, the animals get together for protection from hunters. But when a meerkat wants to accelerate the search, the animal will make a “move call”. If three or more meerkats make this call, the group will move faster.African wild dogs also vote in groups. Scientists have found that after socializing, the animals would decide whether to hunt. How do the dogs vote in support of hunting? They sneeze! Whether the dogs will actually go on a hunt is decided by the number of sneezes. The more the dogs sneeze, the more likely it is that they will look for a meal. However, the alpha dog, the dominant dog of the pack, likes other dogs to follow its own decision even when others don’t vote, because it believes it can have better chances of getting big game. However, after the hunt, other dogs in the group have to wait for the alpha dog to finish its meal while they are starving to death. Sometimes, the alpha dog may leave nothing for the rest of the dogs.Humans make decisions too. If you have a group of people, and one person says, “Let’s have pizza,” and no one agrees, then nothing is going to happen. But once your grandfather says “That’s an excellent idea”, the whole group will probably go out for pizzas. Humans tend to follow the decisions made by the seniors because they want to show respect for them.Just like humans, animals don’t always agree with one another. But joining in group decisions helps make sure of their survival. It is extremely interesting to see how animals reach an agreement and stick together.5. What does the underlined word “prudent” in Paragraph 1 means?A. Hard-working.B. Friendly.C. Greedy.D. Cautious.6. What do the meerkats vote on?A. The choice of the leader.B. The selection of food.C. The place for living.D. The speed of hunting.7. What do we know about the alpha dog?A. It likes to hunt game alone.B. It sneezes when it finds a meal.C. It has the right to eat the meal first.D. It likes to share food with other dogs.8. Why does the author mention humans eating pizzas?A. To draw a comparison.B. To place an emphasis.C. To reach a conclusion.D. To make a suggestion.【答案】5. D 6. D 7. C 8. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人类并不是地球上唯一用投票的方式来做决策的生物，很多动物也会通过投票的方式做出集体决策。【5题详解】词句猜测题。划线词句后文“trying very hard to avoid doing anything wrong.(非常努力地避免做错事。)”说明猫鼬们努力避免做错一些事情，从而推知划线词句“They are prudent (它们是prudent)”其中划线词应为“谨慎的，慎重的”的意思，与D项cautious“小心的，谨慎的”同义。故选D项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Meerkats (猫鼬), like humans, negotiate decisions. They are prudent, trying very hard to avoid doing anything wrong. (猫鼬和人类一样，协商决定。它们很谨慎，努力避免做错事。)”和“But when a meerkat wants to accelerate the search, the animal will make a “move call”. If three or more meerkats make this call, the group will move faster.(但是当猫鼬想要加速搜索时，它会发出“移动呼叫”。如果有三只或更多的猫鼬发出这种叫声，这群猫鼬就会移动得更快。)”可知，猫鼬投票决定狩猎的速度。故选D项。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, after the hunt, other dogs in the group have to wait for the alpha dog to finish its meal while they are starving to death. Sometimes, the alpha dog may leave nothing for the rest of the dogs.(然而，狩猎结束后，群体里其他狗不得不在饿的要死的时候等着领头狗吃完饭。有时，领头狗可能不会给其他狗留下任何东西。)”可知，领头狗有权先吃饭。故选C项。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Humans make decisions too. If you have a group of people, and one person says, ‘Let’s have pizza,’ and no one agrees, then nothing is going to happen. But once your grandfather says ‘That’s an excellent idea’, the whole group will probably go out for pizzas. Humans tend to follow the decisions made by the seniors because they want to show respect for them.(人类也会做决定。如果是一个群体，其中一个人说：‘让我们吃披萨吧’，但没有人同意，那么什么都不会发生。但一旦你的祖父说‘这是个好主意’，整个团队可能会出去吃披萨。人类倾向于听从老年人的决定，因为他们想对他们表示尊重。)”可知，作者提到人类吃披萨是为了与动物的以投票方式做出集体决策进行比较。故选A项。CAcademic demands are a key source of stress for college students. Unlike in high school, students in college are expected to manage their workload without much guidance from teachers, and it’s easy to feel lost in a class with several hundred peers. Our research suggests that, on average, stress goes up as academic demands go up, peaking ahead of final exams and then falling again.It can be comforting to know that academic stress is a shared experience. It may also help to know that temporary increases in stress can benefit students under some circumstances. Our longer-term research across four years found that students earned higher grades in semesters when they experienced bout of (一阵) negative moods. A rise in negative moods one semester may reflect that extra effort was needed to meet academic challenges. The important reminder here is that we only observed this effect for students who were typically happy overall, showing the importance of maintaining good emotional balance.Some students can’t adapt themselves to the life without support and care from their families. For example, international students who live further away from their families may feel homesick stronger. Maintaining friendships and balancing social demands with academics is another key source of stress for college students. In college, the relationship between students and teachers can be totally different from in high schools. It is hard for some students to be involved in college class.What distinguished the students who reported less stressed and more satisfaction across the year, including during their job search, was their outlook. Despite plans not working out exactly as hoped, recent graduates with greater well-being were able to increase effort and keep moving forward through challenges. These graduates were also moving forward with a sense of purpose, or a general sense that they were on a meaningful path, and optimism about the path they were on, expecting good things to happen in the future.Additionally, their expectations about how and when their goals would be achieved were flexible, and they were open to new or unexpected opportunities. Finally, recent graduates with greater well-being also had more supportive social networks that they could rely on for advice, comfort, and help along the way.9. What can we learn about academic stress?A. Top college students seldom have academic stress.B. Students are most anxious at the start of a semester.C. An increase in negative moods can make students study harder.D. Students should decrease workload to maintain emotional balance.10. What is the third paragraph mainly about?A. The emotional stress of college students.B. The difficulty in making friends in college.C. The importance of having good teachers in college.D. The reasons why international students are more stressed.11. What can students who have more satisfaction do?A. They can adjust their expectations when needed.B. They can create opportunities in time.C. They can give people practical suggestions.D. They can avoid difficult challenges smartly.12. What is the text mainly about?A. College students.B. College students’ stress.C. Recent graduates.D. Recent graduates’ expectations.【答案】9. C 10. A 11. A 12. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是大学生压力的主要来源及其对学生的影响。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Our longer-term research across four years found that students earned higher grades in semesters when they experienced bout of (一阵) negative moods. A rise in negative moods one semester may reflect that extra effort was needed to meet academic challenges.(我们为期四年的长期研究发现，当学生经历了一段时间的消极情绪时，他们在学期中取得了更高的成绩。一个学期消极情绪的增加可能反映出需要额外的努力来应对学业挑战。)”可知，研究发现，学生消极情绪的增加可能需要额外的努力来应对学业上的挑战，从而在取得更高的成绩，由此可知，消极情绪的增加可能会使得学生更努力。故选C项10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Some students can’t adapt themselves to the life without support and care from their families.(有些学生没有家人的支持和关心就不能适应生活。)”以及“Maintaining friendships and balancing social demands with academics is another key source of stress for college students. In college, the relationship between students and teachers can be totally different from in high schools.(维持友谊、平衡学业与社交需求是大学生压力的另一个主要来源。)”可知，有些学生没有家人的帮助就不能适应生活，且维持友谊、平衡学业和社交需求是造成大学生压力的另一个主要来源，这些都和学生的情感相关，由此可知，本段主要讲述的是学生的情感压力。故选A项。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Despite plans not working out exactly as hoped, recent graduates with greater well-being were able to increase effort and keep moving forward through challenges. (尽管计划没有像希望的那样顺利进行，但拥有更大幸福感的应届毕业生能够加大努力，在挑战中继续前进。)”可知，满足感更强的学生在遇到不顺利的情况是，他们会加大努力，在挑战中前进，结合尾段中的“Additionally, their expectations about how and when their goals would be achieved were flexible, and they were open to new or unexpected opportunities.(此外，他们对如何以及何时实现目标的期望是灵活的，他们对新的或意想不到的机会持开放态度。)”可知，满足感强的学生对实现目标的期望是灵活的，且对新出现的情况持开放的态度，由此可知，这些满足感强的学生可能会在必要的时候调整自己的期望，继续前进。故选A项。【12题详解】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Academic demands are a key source of stress for college students.(学业要求是大学生压力的主要来源。)”以及第三段中的“Maintaining friendships and balancing social demands with academics is another key source of stress for college students.(维持友谊、平衡学业与社交需求是大学生压力的另一个主要来源。)”并结合文章对大学生主要来源的分析可知，本文主要讲述的是大学生压力的主要来源及其影响。故选B项。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The current population of oysters (牡蛎) is only a small part of their historic levels. ____13____. To help maintain existing habitats, the state requires licenses for the harvesting of shellfish and controls where and when the harvesting activity can take place. South Carolina’s Department of Natural Resources has also planned to recycle and replant oyster shells.____14____. They serve as anchors to which babies can attach themselves. Returning shells to the state’s rivers ensures that any larvae (幼虫) looking for a home can find something to which they can be attached.The critical nature of oysters in the ecosystem is difficult to overstate. Along the Atlantic shoreline of the United States the Eastern Oyster is considered a foundation species. Oysters gather together as part of their natural life cycle, forming reefs that provide the habitat for fish, crabs, and other small ocean creatures. ____15____.In addition to being the bedrock of many underwater communities, oysters also help maintain the cleanliness of South Carolina’s coastal waters. Dirty water comes in from the ocean and gets filtered by oysters. Water goes back out cleanly. ____16____. Tourists want to go to beautiful and clean beaches, come out on boat trips, and see dolphins.South Carolina is working hard to rebuild coastal reefs that will support and sustain future oyster populations. It’s worth keeping in mind that every shell removed from the river could be the base for the next year’s new oysters. ____17____, it’s going to be a long time before we get enough recruitment (增长) in the oyster population to keep it sustainable.A. Once we lose that natural shell baseB These little tiny fish need somewhere to hideC. Because it is important to recycle the oyster shellsD. Even the local tourism industry relies on this effect of oystersE. The best place to settle is going to be where there are adult oystersF. South Carolina is actively working to restore and sustain its wild oystersG. Oyster shells, both live and dead, provide the main habitat for the next generation【答案】13. F 14. G 15. B 16. D 17. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当前牡蛎的数量大量减少，鉴于牡蛎的作用，South Carolina寻求保护牡蛎的措施，以增长牡蛎数量。【13题详解】根据空后的“To help maintain existing habitats, the state requires licenses for the harvesting of shellfish and controls where and when the harvesting activity can take place.(为了帮助维持现有的栖息地，该州要求获得捕捞贝类的许可证，并控制捕捞活动的地点和时间。)”可知，为保护牡蛎的栖息地，某州作出了一些具体的要求；由the state可知，此空处应出现the state相关的内容，F选项“South Carolina is actively working to restore and sustain its wild oysters(南卡罗来纳州正在积极恢复和维持其野生牡蛎)”中的South Carolina为空后the state，且与空后内容吻合。故选F项。【14题详解】根据空后的“They serve as anchors to which babies can attach themselves. Returning shells to the state’s rivers ensures that any larvae (幼虫) looking for a home can find something to which they can be attached.(它们充当锚，牡蛎幼虫可以把自己固定在上面。将贝壳放回该州的河流中，可以确保任何寻找家园的幼虫都能找到可以依附的东西。)”可知，此处讲述的是贝壳对繁育后代的重要性，G选项“Oyster shells, both live and dead, provide the main habitat for the next generation(活的和死的牡蛎壳为下一代提供了主要的栖息地)”内容概括了本段主题，其中的Oyster shells与空后的they所指内容一致。故选G项。【15题详解】根据空前的“Oysters gather together as part of their natural life cycle, forming reefs that provide the habitat for fish, crabs, and other small ocean creatures.(作为自然生命周期的一部分，牡蛎会聚集在一起，形成珊瑚礁，为鱼类、螃蟹和其他小型海洋生物提供栖息地。)”可知，牡蛎为一些小的海洋生物提供了栖息场所，B选项“These little tiny fish need somewhere to hide(这些小鱼需要找个地方躲起来)”符合题意，选项中的these little tiny fish与空后的other small ocean creatures吻合。故选B项。【16题详解】根据空后的“Tourists want to go to beautiful and clean beaches, come out on boat trips, and see dolphins.(游客们想去美丽干净的海滩，乘船旅行，看海豚。)”可知，此处讲述的是游客们的需求，由此可知，空处讲述的内容与牡蛎与旅游业发展相关，D选项“Even the local tourism industry relies on this effect of oysters(甚至当地的旅游业也依赖牡蛎的这种影响)”讲述的是牡蛎对当地旅游业的影响，内容与空后内容一致。故选D项。【17题详解】分析该空所在句子结构可知，逗号后“it’s going to be a long time before we get enough recruitment (增长) in the oyster population to keep it sustainable.(我们还需要很长一段时间才能增长足够的牡蛎的数量来保持它的可持续发展。)”讲述的是牡蛎数量增长要很长时间，且空后是一个完整的句子，所以此空处应为带有连词的句子，或短语，A选项“Once we lose that natural shell base(一旦失去了天然的壳基)”为连词once引导的状语从句，且内容与空后内容衔接。故选A项。第三部分：语言运用(共三节，满分37.5分)第一节 完型填空(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。I was 10 years into my career, happily working at my research as a biology professor, when something unusual happened and I had to ___18___ my focus to teaching undergraduate classes.It was hard to drop a research program that had defined my career and fueled (激发) my passions. To ___19___ the research world, I began to include journal articles in my undergraduate course, ___20___ lively discussions about the latest discoveries. ___21___, my students rarely dived into (钻研) the papers fully.My students were ___22___ with memorizing facts, but they lacked deep understanding of how the conclusions were drawn. The ingenuity (独创力) of research — what I loved most about being a scientist — was ___23___ on them.This changed the way I ___24___. I spent multiple classes deconstructing a single paper with my students, ___25___ each figure and table. I then asked, “If you had co-authored the paper, what would you do next?”Some ___26___, “I’m not creative.” But I asked them to give it a try. After taking part in some group discussions, the students changed their _____27_____. They were amazed by the variety of follow-up studies their classmates had thought up. They argued _____28_____ about which ideas were better, expressing surprise when other groups made different choices. I was _____29_____ to see each student commit to an idea, in the process discovering something about their own powers of _____30_____.What I really wanted my students to do was to develop their own inventiveness and _____31_____ their imaginations. I hoped that what they learned about their own _____32_____ would be the knowledge that lasts.18. A. addB. shiftC. returnD. narrow19. A. keep away fromB. look back onC. get down toD. stay close to20. A. holdingB. preparingC. expectingD. ignoring21. A. HoweverB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. Therefore22. A. movedB. patientC. boredD. comfortable23. A. hiddenB. reflectedC. lostD. found24. A. livedB. thoughtC. searchedD. taught25. A. analyzingB. drawingC. editingD. memorizing26. A. hopedB. hesitatedC. decidedD. pretended27. A. attitudesB. tasksC. methodsD. plans28. A. angrilyB. jokinglyC. proudlyD. passionately29. A. excitedB. curiousC. inspiredD. grateful30. A. concentrationB. observationC. inventionD. devotion31. A. show offB. tap intoC. depend onD. check out32. A. performanceB. progressC. creativityD. adventure【答案】18. B 19. D 20. C 21. A 22. D 23. C 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. B 32. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者作为老师，在面对本科学生缺乏钻研精神的时候，改变自己的教学方式，带领学生仔细解构论文，激发学生对探究的热情和内在创造力的故事。【18题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的职业生涯已经有10年了，作为一名生物学教授，我愉快地从事着我的研究，突然发生了一件不寻常的事情，我不得不把中心转移到教授本科课程上。A. add添加；B. shift使转移；C. return归还；D. narrow使缩小。根据上文“something unusual happened”可知，发生了一件不寻常的事情，作者原本享受着研究工作的乐趣，但不得不去教授本科课程，因此应该是不得不转移中心，shift one’s focus to是固定短语，意为“把中心转移到”。故选B。【19题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了贴近研究世界，我开始在本科课程中加入期刊文章，期待对最新发现进行热烈的讨论。A. keep away from远离；B. look back on回顾；C. get down to开始做某事，；D. stay close to贴近。根据下文“I began to include journal articles in my undergraduate course”可知，作者在本科课程中加入期刊文章，因此是为了贴近原本喜爱的研究世界。故选D。【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了贴近研究世界，我开始在本科课程中加入期刊文章，期待对最新发现进行热烈的讨论。A. holding持有；B. preparing准备；C. expecting期待；D. ignoring忽略。根据上文“It was hard to drop a research program that had defined my career and fueled (激发) my passions.”可知，作者非常喜欢研究项目，对此满怀激情，因此会期待对最新发现进行热烈的讨论。故选C。【21题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我的学生很少深入钻研论文。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据下文“my students rarely dived into (钻研) the papers fully”可知，作者的学生很少深入钻研论文，和上文作者期待的热烈讨论形成转折，因此应用However“然而”。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的学生适应了记忆事实，但他们缺乏深入理解结论是如何得出的。A. moved感动的；B. patient耐心的；C. bored无聊的；D. comfortable舒适的。根据下文“but they lacked deep understanding of how the conclusions were drawn”可知，作者的学生缺乏深入理解如何得出结论，由此推知他们已经适应了记忆事实，be comfortable with是固定短语，意为“对……感到舒适”，指对某人或某事物感到舒适、自在或适应。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究的独创性——我最喜欢做科学家的地方——在他们身上丢失了。A. hidden隐藏；B. reflected反映；C. lost丢失；D. found发现。根据上文“my students rarely dived into (钻研) the papers fully”可知，作者的学生很少深入钻研论文，因此是丢失了研究的独创性。故选C。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这改变了我的教学方式。A. lived生活；B. thought思考；C. searched搜索；D. taught教学。根据下文“I spent multiple classes deconstructing a single paper with my students”可知，作者花精力去和学生解构论文，因此是改变了教学的方式。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了好几节课和我的学生一起解构一篇论文，分析每张图和表。A. analyzing分析；B. drawing画画；C. editing编辑；D. memorizing记忆。根据上文“deconstructing a single paper”可知，作者在花精力去解构论文，因此是分析论文里的每张图和表。故选A。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些人犹豫了，“我没有创造力。”A. hoped希望；B. hesitated犹豫；C. decided决定；D. pretended假装。根据下文“I’m not creative.”可知，有些人认为自己没有创造力，因此会在作者想要激发他们创造力的时候犹豫。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在参加了一些小组讨论之后，学生们改变了他们的态度。A. attitudes态度；B. tasks任务；C. methods方法；D. plans计划。根据下文“They argued ___11___ about which ideas were better, expressing surprise when other groups made different choices.”可知，作者的学生开始争论观点，尊重不同的选择，因此是改变了态度。故选A。【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们热情地争论哪个想法更好，当其他小组做出不同的选择时，他们表示惊喜。A. angrily愤怒地；B. jokingly开玩笑地；C. proudly自豪地；D. passionately热情地。根据上文“They were amazed by the variety of follow-up studies their classmates had thought up.”可知，学生想出各种各样的后续研究，已经开始发挥自己的钻研精神，因此是热情地讨论想法。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋地看到每个学生都致力于一个想法，在这个过程中发现了他们自己创造的能力。A. excited兴奋的；B. curious好奇的；C. inspired激动人心的；D. grateful感激的。根据下文“to see each student commit to an idea”可知，作者看到的是每个学生都致力于一个想法，因此作为老师会感到兴奋。故选A。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很兴奋地看到每个学生都致力于一个想法，在这个过程中发现了他们自己创造的能力。A. concentration专心；B. observation观察；C. invention创造；D. devotion奉献。根据上文学生从一开始的对钻研不感兴趣，到后来的想出各种各样的后续研究，热情地讨论想法可知，在这个过程中他们发现了自己创造的能力。故选C。【31题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我真正想让我的学生做的是发展他们自己的创造力，挖掘他们的想象力。A. show off炫耀；B. tap into挖掘；C. depend on依赖；D. check out检查。根据上文“to develop their own inventiveness”可知，作者希望学生发展他们的创造力，tap into“挖掘”符合语境，和发展创造力契合，表示挖掘想象力。故选B。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望他们从自己的创造力中学到的知识将成为永恒的知识。A. performance表现；B. progress进步；C. creativity创造力；D. adventure冒险。根据上文作者改变教学方式，激发学生对探究的热情和内在创造力可知，作者珍视的是从创造力中学到的知识。故选C。第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Like the building itself, the cats which walk freely around the basement of the State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg have survived changing fortunes.____33____ (treat) like royalty, the 65 cats enjoy 24-hour medical care, feeding and freedom. Catherine the Great____34____ (reported) called them the “Guardians of the Galleries,” though they are not allowed into the galleries of____35____ was once the Winter Palace. However, it is not rare for a visitor outside the building to come across a cat____36____ (lie) in the sun. After the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, many in St. Petersburg could no longer afford to care for their cats, and so the Hermitage____37____ (decide) to adopt some of the stray (无主的)cats to add to the descendants of the____38____ (origin) cats brought from the city of Kazan 100 years before that. Now as then, the Hermitage will take in stray cats that find their way____39____ the museum. These are given a new life____40____ kept fed and healthy. If____41____ (mouse) pass close, the cats will catch. Most of the time they need not kill anything, as their smell serves____42____ (keep) most mice away. Many of the cats’ ancestors have been immortalized (使名传后世) for their service to the state in paintings on the very walls of the museum they defended.【答案】33. Treated 34. reportedly 35. what 36. lying 37. decided 38. original 39. into 40. and 41. mice 42. to keep【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了在圣彼得堡冬宫博物馆地下室里自由行走的猫。【33题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这65只猫受到皇室般的待遇，享受24小时的医疗护理、喂养和自由。动词treat和逻辑主语cats之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语，首字母应大写，故填Treated。【34题详解】考查副词。句意：据报道，叶卡捷琳娜大帝称他们为“画廊的守护者”，尽管他们不被允许进入曾经是冬宫的画廊。空处修饰动词called，应用副词形式，故填reportedly。【35题详解】考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句作of的宾语，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用what引导，故填what。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，游客在大楼外看到一只躺在阳光下的猫并不罕见。动词lie和cat之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作后置定语，故填lying。【37题详解】考查一般过去时。句意：1991年苏联解体后，圣彼得堡的许多人再也负担不起照顾他们的猫的费用，所以冬宫决定收养一些流浪猫，作为100年前从喀山市带来的原始猫的后代。根据时间状语“in 1991”及前一个分句的时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填decided。【38题详解】考查形容词。句意同上。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词cats，original“原来的”，形容词。故填original。【39题详解】考查介词。句意：现在和那时一样，艾尔米塔什博物馆将接纳那些进入博物馆的流浪猫。find one’s way into…“找到去……的路”，固定搭配，故填into。【40题详解】考查连词。句意：这些都被赋予了新的生命，并保持了饮食和健康。结合句意可知，空前后是并列关系，应用连词and连接，故填and。【41题详解】考查名词复数。句意：如果老鼠靠近，猫就会抓住。mouse是可数名词，此处应用复数形式表示泛指，mouse的复数形式是mice，故填mice。【42题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大多数时候，它们不需要杀死任何东西，因为它们的气味可以让大多数老鼠远离它们。serve to do sth.“对做某事有用”，故用动词不定式，故填to keep。第三节 单词拼写(共15小题;每小题0.5分，满分7.5分)43. “Why did Ben do that?” she asked, in a ________ (哽咽) voice.(根据汉语提示拼写单词)【答案】choked【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：“本为什么要这么做？”她哽咽着问道。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为形容词choked“窒息的，哽咽的”作定语修饰voice，满足句意要求。故填choked。44. Now women ________(参加) in the liberation struggle are finding new roles. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)【答案】participating【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：现在，参与解放斗争的妇女正在寻找新的角色。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，动词participate符合句意，participate in“参与”是固定搭配；句中已有谓语动词are finding，故空处应用非谓语动词，participate和逻辑主语women之间为主动关系，因此此处用现在分词作后置定语。故填participating。45. Facilities for people with ___________(残疾) are still not enough. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)【答案】disabilities【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：为残疾人提供的设施仍然不够。根据汉语提示可知，空处应用名词disability，作介词with的宾语，意为“残疾，伤残”，且空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词disability应用复数形式disabilities。故填disabilities。46. Do you believe in the mysterious and other supernatural ________ (现象)?(根据汉语提示拼写单词)【答案】phenomena【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：你相信神秘和其他超自然现象吗？空处应填名词作宾语，根据汉语提示，名词phenomenon符合题意，可数名词，被other修饰用其复数形式。故填phenomena。47. They had ______________ (无意地) provided wrong information. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)【答案】unintentionally【解析】【详解】考查副词。句意：他们无意中提供了错误的信息。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用副词unintentionally，修饰动词provided，作状语。故填unintentionally。48. One of themain________ (优先事项)therefore was to make the whole building accessible to kids. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)【答案】priorities【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：因此，主要的优先事项之一就是让孩子们能够进入整个建筑。“优先事项”为名词priority作宾语，由one of可知，应用复数形式，故填priorities。49. The farmer was accused of________(残忍)toanimals. (根据汉语提示拼写单词)【答案】cruelty【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：那个农民被指控犯虐待动物。“残忍”名词cruelty，作宾语，为不可数名词，故填cruelty。50. Misunderstandings a________ from lack of social communication may lead to serious problems. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】arisingrising【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于缺乏社会交流而产生的误解可能会导致严重的问题。由Misunderstandings和fromlack of social communication可知，句子表示“由于缺乏社会交流而产生的误解可能会导致严重的问题”，空格处意为“产生”，由首字母提示r可知，是arise，谓语是may lead to，空格处用非谓语动词，Misunderstandings和arise之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填arising。51. Relative poverty, however, did not prevent Martin from e_________ himself with an excellent education. （根据首字母单词拼写）【答案】equipping【解析】【详解】考查动名词。句意：然而，较为贫困的状况并没有阻止马丁让自己接受一流的教育。根据句意和首字母可知，空处填动名词equipping作介词from的宾语。故填equipping。52. The Royal Palace d________ back to the 16th century is undergoing restoration. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】datingating【解析】【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这座建于16世纪的皇宫正在修复中。分析句子结构可知，空处已有谓语is，空处需使用非谓语形式，此处为固定短语dateback to，意为“追溯到”，该短语无被动形式，且主语the Royal Palace与date之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此需使用现在分词。故填dating。53. Staff and students e________ a warm welcome to visiting parents the other day. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】extendedxtended【解析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：日前，教职工和学生对来访家长表示热烈欢迎。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处使用动词extend，extenda warm welcome to sb.(热烈欢迎某人)；根据时间状语the other day(前几天)可知，句子应用一般过去时态，故extend应用过去式extended。故应填extended。54. The most terrible thing to put up with is the woman boss’s a_______ smile. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】artificialrtificial【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：最难以忍受的是女老板做作的微笑。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为形容词artificial“人为的；不真挚的，矫揉造作的”作定语修饰smile，满足句意要求。故填artificial。55.There are a few professionals in the race, but most are enthusiastic a________.(根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】amateursmateurs【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：比赛中有一些专业人员，但大多数都是热情的业余爱好者。根据前文Thereare a few professionals in the race和but可知，空处应用与前文“professionals”相对应的词amateur，由空前的most are可知，空处应用名词复数形式amateurs，作表语。故填amateurs。56. His speech was greeted withthunderous a________.(根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】applause##pplause【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他的讲话赢得了雷鸣般的掌声。分析句子结构可知，形容词thunderous(雷鸣般的)后修饰名词，空处可使用名词applause(掌声)在句中作宾语，不可数。故填applause。57. Tanzania is a country c________ to building socialism in the long term. (根据首字母提示拼写单词)【答案】committedommitted【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：坦桑尼亚是一个致力于长期建设社会主义的国家。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词短语作后置定语，根据句意和提示的首字母可知，此处应为committed意为“专心于，致力于”符合句意，becommitted to doing sth.意为“致力于做某事”。故填committed。第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节 应用文(满分15分)58. 假如你是李华，上周五你校举办了一次远足研学活动。请给你校英文报写一篇报道。内容包括：1. 活动目的；2. 活动内容；3. 活动反响。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。An Educational Outing________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】One possible version:An Educational OutingLast week, our school organized an educational outing with the purpose of broadening students’ perspectives, cultivating their abilities and increasing their cultural literacy.During the activity, we hiked through countryside, visited some villages, and admired the breathtaking scenery. We also participated in outdoor games and team-building activities, which helped us learn to work together and improve our communication skills.Overall, the outing was a valuable experience, where we gained a better understanding of the world around us. What’s more, we were able to develop a sense of responsibility towards the environment.【解析】【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的报道。要求考生为校英文报写一篇报道，报道学校上周五举办的远足研学活动。【详解】1.词汇积累目的：purpose aim令人惊叹的：breathtaking marvelous/magnificent提高：improve enhance此外：what’s more in addition2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：Last week, our school organized an educational outing with the purpose of broadening students’ perspectives, cultivating their abilities and increasing their cultural literacy.拓展句：Last week, our school organized an educational outing which is aimed at broadening students’ perspectives, cultivating their abilities and increasing their cultural literacy.【点睛】【高分句型1】We also participated in outdoor games and team-building activities, which helped us learn to work together and improve our communication skills.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）【高分句型2】Overall, the outing was a valuable experience, where we gained a better understanding of the world around us.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句）第二节 读后续写(满分25分)59. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。No Crown for me“Will you come with us, Susan?” cried several little girls to a schoolmate. “We are going to the woods; do come, too.” “I should like to go with you very much,” replied Susan, with a sigh, “but I cannot finish the task grandmother set me to do.” “How tiresome it must be to stay at home to work on a holiday!” said Rose, one of the girls, shaking her head. “Susan’s grandmother is too strict.”Susan heard this remark, and, as she bent her head over her task, she wiped away a tear, and thought of the pleasant afternoon the girls would spend gathering wild flowers in the woods.Soon she said to herself, “What harm can there be in moving the mark grandmother put in the stocking? The woods must be very beautiful today, and how I should like to be in them! ”“Grandmother,” said she, a few minutes afterwards, “I am ready, now.” “What, so soon, Susan?” Her grandmother took the work, and looked at it very closely.“True, Susan,” said she, laying great stress on each word. “True, I count twenty turns from the mark, and, as you have never cheated me, you may go and amuse yourself as you like the rest of the day.”Susan’s cheeks were red, and she did not say, “Thank you.” As she left the cottage, she walked slowly away, not singing as usual.“Why, here is Susan!” the girls cried, when she joined their company. “But what is the matter? Why have you left your dear, old grandmother? ” they asked.“There is nothing the matter.” As Susan repeated the words, she felt that she was trying to deceive herself. She had acted a lie. At the same time, she remembered her grandmother’s words, “You have never deceived me.”“Yes, I have deceived her,” she said to herself. “If she knew all, she would never trust me again.”Paragraph 1The little party had reached an open space in the woods. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph2“Now, Susan.” said Rose, “Put on the crown of flowers, for you are to be our queen.”___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Possible version:The little party had reached an open space in the woods. When her companions ran about enjoying themselves, Susan sat on the grass, reflecting on what she had cheated her grandmother and wishing she were at home admitting her fault. After a while Rose cried out, “Let us make a crown of flowers, and put it on the head of the best girl here.” Soon the crown was finished. All the girls agreed Susan was the best girl both in school and at home and she deserved it, so they decided she was to wear it.“Now, Susan,” said Rose, “Put on the crown of flowers, for you are to be our queen.” As these words were spoken, the crown was placed on her head. In a moment she took it off, and threw it on the ground, saying, “No crown for me; I do not deserve it.” The girls looked at with their mouths open in surprise. “I have cheated my grandmother,” said she, tears flowing down her cheeks. Quickly Susan left the other girls, went back home apologizing to her grandmother. “Susan,” said her grandmother, “I am so happy you have realized your fault, and you are still my own little girl!”【解析】【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了几个小女孩邀请苏珊一起去树林里玩儿，但是苏珊的奶奶叫苏珊干活，苏珊为了出去玩儿而欺骗了奶奶，奶奶一直相信苏珊没有欺骗过自己，就让苏珊玩儿去了，但是苏珊并没有因此而很高兴，相反，她心里很忐忑。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“这一小群人来到了树林里的一块空地。”可知，第一段可描写女孩们做王冠和苏珊的心理活动。由第二段首句内容““现在，苏珊，”Rose说，“戴上花冠，因为你将成为我们的女王。””可知，第二段可描写苏珊拒绝戴王冠并主动承认自己的错误。2.续写线索：苏珊反省自己欺骗奶奶的事情——王冠做好了——决定给苏珊戴——苏珊摘下王冠——苏珊回家给奶奶道歉——奶奶原谅苏珊3.词汇激活行为类反省：reflect/introspect摘下：take off/pull off道歉：apologize to sb./make an apology to sb.情绪类惊讶：surprise/astonishment高兴：happy/delighted【点睛】[高分句型1] When her companions ran about enjoying themselves, Susan sat on the grass, reflecting on what she had cheated her grandmother and wishing she were at home admitting her fault. (由when引导的时间状语从句，现在分词作状语，what引导的宾语从句和that引导的宾语从句，省略了that)[高分句型2] As these words were spoken, the crown was placed on her head. (由as引导的时间状语从句)