2024 学年上海市高考押题卷 03
英语学科
（满分 115 分）
II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20 分)
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically
correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The United States of America (commonly ____1____(refer) to as the United States, the U.S.,the USA,the States
or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district.The country is situated
mostly in central North America,____2____ its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington,D.C., the capital
district, lie ____3____ the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south.
The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to its east and Russia to the west across the
Bering Strait.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km) and with more than 300 million people,the United States is the
third or fourth ____4____ (large) country by total area,and third largest by land area and by population.The United
States is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration
from many countries. The U.S.economy is the largest national economy in the world, with an estimated 2008 gross
domestic product (GDP) of US $14.3 trillion.
The nation was founded by thirteen colonies of Great Britain located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July
4,1776,they issued the Declaration of Independence, ____5____ proclaimed their independence from Great Britain
and their formation of a cooperative union.The rebellious states ____6____ (defeat) Great Britain in the American
Revolutionary War,the first successful colonial war of independence. A federal convention adopted the current
United States Constitution on September 17,1787; its ratification the ____7____ (follow) year made the states part
of a single republic with a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments
guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
In the 19th century, the United States acquired land from France, Spain, the United Kingdom, Mexico, and
Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and
industrial North over states’ rights and the expansion of the institution of slavery provoked the American Civil War
of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led ____8____ the end of legal
slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, ___9___ national economy was the world's largest. The Spanish–
American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. In 1945, the United States
emerged from World War II as the first country _____10_____ (have) weapons,a permanent member of the United
Nations Security Council, and a founding member of NATO.The end of the Cold War left the United States as the
sole superpower. The country accounts for approximately 50% of global military spending and is a leading
economic,political,and cultural force in the world.
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Section B
Directions: Complete the passage with the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is
one word more than you need.
A. catch-up；B. substitute；C. advance；D. committed；E. exhausted；
F. multitask；G. transferred；H. maintaining；I. commenting；K. challenge；J. embrace
My friend Haley called me the other day. She hadn't texted me in ___11___ to “find a time “to chat. Nor did
we have a Zoom date on the calendar. She just up and called me unannounced.
It was thrilling, this unscheduled, spontaneous conversation without a purpose or the weight of a formal
____12____. It felt like wheeling over to someone in the office to hear a joke.
I was reminded of that larger orbit of friendships outside the inner core of those we still see in person, usually
because we live with them. Think about all those relationships once sustained by serendipity and proximity, now
starved by a year of social distancing.
In what may be the world's largest sociological experiment, many of us have had to rely almost completely on
technology to tend these connections. We now have a whole new cadre of Appointment Friendships.
And even with ____13____ scheduling, it's not really enough. A recent study from researchers at the
University of Nevada, Las Vegas, confirms what we now know in our ____14____ hearts: video calls, texts, social
media, even phone calls are a great supplement to face-to-face interactions, but they aren't a(n) ____15____.
Contrary to what you might expect, the more sophisticated the technology, the less it satisfies our need for
connection.
Researchers reported that the humble phone call was associated with decreases in stress, loneliness, and
relationship difficulties. Meanwhile, video chats were associated with increased stress, loneliness, and difficulties
in ____16____.
I get it, we’re less self-conscious on the phone, and you can ____17____ and talk — maybe fold laundry or eat
or both. With video, that uncanny valley of almost being there tends to make you long for the real thing. The UNLV
researchers also reported that social media posting, ____18____ and sharing was the “modality most strongly
associated with stress. “
No one is less surprised about all this than Sherry Turkle, a clinical psychologist at M.I.T. She's been studying
how technology affects our capacity for empathy and connection since the first Apple computer showed up with a
smiley face, reporting her findings in two seminal books “Reclaiming Conversation” and “Alone Together.”
When I spoke to her a few weeks ago, she’d just published her memoir, “The Empathy Diaries,” which is about
becoming one of very few women at M.I.T. and one who was willing to ____19____ the enduring gospel of the
engineering universe: that technology would solve the problems it caused.
Turkle finished working on this book during pandemic shutdowns, which were akin to a real-world test of her
life's work. She writes:
In the crucible of enforced isolation, we explored the limits of where our screens can take us as technology
became our lifeline, we realized how much we missed the full ___20___ of the human.
III. Reading Comprehension
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Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill
in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our
smart phones. ___21___of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones ___22___on batteries,
and batteries can die faster than we realize.If you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you ___23___can’t
find north, a few tricks to help you navigate ___24___to civilization, one of which is to follow the land...
When you find yourself well ___25___a trail, but not in a completely ___26___area, you have to answer two
questions: Which ___27___is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans
overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. ___28___, if you head downhill, and follow any
H2O you find, you should ___29___see signs of people.
If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights—you may be ____30____how quickly
identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.
Another ____31____: Climb high and look for signs of human habitation.____32____ , even in dense forest,
you should be able to ____33____gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve through
the woods. Head toward these breaks to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for artificial light sources, such
as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.
Finally, assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the ____34____we leave on the
landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can ____35____you to civilization.
21. A. Some B. Most C. Few D. All
22. A. put B. take C. run D. come
23. A. formally B. relatively C. gradually D. literally
24. A. back B. next C. around D. away
25. A. onto B. off C. across D. alone
26. A. unattractive B. uncrowded C. unchanged D. unfamiliar
27. A. site B. point C. way D. place
28. A. So B. Yet C. Instead D. Besides
29. A. immediately B. intentionally C. unexpectedly D. eventually
30. A. surprised B. annoyed C. frightened D. confused
31. A. problem B. option C. view D. result
32. A. Above all B. In contrast C. On average D. For example
33. A. bridge B. avoid C. spot D. separate
34. A. memories B. marks C. notes D. belongings
35. A. restrict B. adopt C. lead D. expose
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according
to the information given in the passage you have just read
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(A)
Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crime than those committed by the reckless Australian
bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into
the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for
a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.
The bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather
than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to“justice” are afflicted with doubts about
their role.
The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in
conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even
there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules.
There robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty
and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn’t steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.
And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits” whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were
generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the
surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runway serfs or ex-soldiers; a
minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive
role of peasant.
They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and
bad transport. And bandits proposed best where authority was merely local —over the next hill and they were free.
Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the
peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.
The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry
as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic
bandit then “take from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social justice; he never
kills except in self-defense or justifiable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason
of one of them; he behaves as of invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only
of the local oppressors.
None of the bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives
was often a delusion.
Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist
pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of
their charitable acts later became legends.
The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind
so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor
bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera —
Don Jose on “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk
songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold
deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest,
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their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the
almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.
36. Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?
A. Bold (Para. 1).
B. Claimed (Para. 4).
C. Legend (Para. 2).
D. Loyalty (Para. 4).
37. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?
A. They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.
B. They wanted to help the poor country folk.
C. They were unwilling to accept injustice.
D. They had very few careers open to them.
38. “…began their careers harshly victimized” (Par. 9) means that they _____.
A. had received excessive ill-treatment
B. were severely punished for their crimes
C. took to violence through a sense of injustice
D. were misunderstood by their parents and friends
39. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they_____.
A. are sure they are invincible
B. possess a theatrical quality
C. retain the virtues of a peasant society
D. protest against injustice and inequality
(B)
Literary Festivals across the Wold
London Book Fair
Time: held annually in April for three days
Place: London, U.K.
The London Book Fair is a part of the London Book & Screen Week.
Visitors include anyone who is involved with the creation, distribution, sale or treatment of content.
Authors, talent scouts （星探）, editors, designers, and digital gurus（领袖人物）all walk the
floor-----meeting, talking, observing, discovering. It’s a great opportunity to meet all kinds of
people.
BookExpo America
Time: held annually on May or June for four days
Place: various cities in the U.S.
Unlike most book fairs, BookExpo America doesn’t have a base city. It moves to different places
every year —— mostly big cities such as New York, Washington, Los Angles and Chicago.
It is the largest gathering in the United States of librarians, booksellers and industry professionals,
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as well as a great place to discover the latest trends in technology while networking with others in
the business, Go to book signing sessions （签书会）with your favorite authors, and participate in
panel discussions with top writers while you enjoy breakfast. With hundreds of participating
authors, there’s lots to do, see and read.
Frankfurt Book Fair
Time: held annually in October for a week
Place: Frankfurt, Germany
The Frankfurt Book Fair is the world’s biggest and oldest book event with more than 500 years of
history, yet it never stops developing with time.
Thematic tours are provided, during which trade visitors and the general public can learn more
about the Frankfurt Book Fair. Led by experts, these topical tours take interested groups to stands
and other locations around the fair that are relevant to specific themes, such as educations, science,
kids. With our Book Fair app, visitors have the possibility to take a time-independent, thematic tour.
Tokyo international Book Fair
Time: held annually in September for three days
Place: Tokyo, Japan
Being Asia’s leading book fair, the Tokyo International Book Fair has several sub categories,
including the Natural Sciences Book Fair, the Humanities & Social Sciences Book Fair, and the
Children’s Book’s Fair.
One of the highlights of the event is the e-books expo, which shines a spotlight on the fact that
people’s reading habits are switching from printed books to digital books.
Besides book products, the newest e-learning software and digital technologies are also presented.
40. How is BookExpo America different from the other three book fairs?
A. It is held in different cities every year.
B. It attracts many famous writers.
C. It displays the latest trends in technology.
D. It is the longest annual book fair.
41. Which book fair providers tours of specific themes?
A. The London Book Fair.
B. BookExpo America.
C. The Frankfurt Book Fair.
D. The Tokyo International Book Fair.
42. What do we know about the Tokyo International Book Fair?
A. It is the most popular book fair in Asia.
B. It is a great place for e-book lovers.
C. It mainly focuses on natural science books.
D. It mainly displays printed books for schools.
(C)
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For years, the U. S. has experienced a shortage of registered nurses. The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects
that while the number of nurses will increase by 19 percent by 2022, demand will grow faster than supply, and that
there will be over one million unfilled nursing jobs by then.
So what's the solution? Robots.
Japan is ahead of the curve when it comes to this trend. Toyohashi University of Technology has developed
Terapio, a robotic medical cart that can make hospital rounds, deliver medications and other items, and retrieve
records. It follows a specific individual, such as a doctor or nurse, who can use it to record and access patient data.
This type of robot will likely be one of the first to be implemented in hospitals because it has fairly minimal patient
contact.
Robots capable of social engagement help with loneliness as well as cognitive functioning, but the robot itself
doesn't have to engage directly—it can serve as an intermediary for human communication. Telepresence robots
such as MantaroBot, Vgo, and Giraff can be controlled through a computer, smartphone, or tablet, allowing family
members or doctors to remotely monitor patients or Skype them, often via a screen where the robot's ' face' would
be. If you can't get to the nursing home to visit grandma, you can use a telepresence robot to hang out with her. A
2016 study found that users had a consistently positive attitude about the Giraff robot's ability to enhance
communication and decrease feelings of loneliness.
A robot's appearance affects its ability to successfully interact with humans, which is why the RIKEN-TRI
Collaboration Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research decided to develop a robotic nurse that looks like a
huge teddy bear. RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance), also known as ‘Robear', can help patients into and
out of wheelchairs and beds with its strong arms.
It's important to note that robotic nurses don't decide courses of treatment or make diagnoses (though robot
doctors and surgeons may not be far off). Instead, they perform routine and laborious tasks, freeing nurses up to
attend to patients with immediate needs. This is one industry where it seems the integration of robots will lead to
collaboration, not replacement.
43. What does the author say about Japan?
A. It delivers the best medications for the elderly.
B. It takes the lead in providing robotic care.
C. It provides retraining for registered nurses.
D. It sets the trend in future robotics technology.
44. What do we learn about the robot Terapio?
A. It has been put to use in many Japanese hospitals.
B. It provides specific individualized care to patients.
C. It does not have much direct contact with patients.
D. It has not revolutionized medical service in Japan.
45. What are telepresence robots designed to do?
A. Directly interact with patients to prevent them from feeling lonely.
B. Cater to the needs of patients for recovering their cognitive capacity.
C. Closely monitor the patients' movements and conditions around the clock.
D. Facilitate communication between patients and doctors or family members.
46. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
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A. Doctors and surgeons will soon be laid off.
B. The robotics industry will soon take off.
C. Robots will not make nurses redundant.
D. Collaboration will not replace competition.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only
once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
In a few years you will be able to order a transcript of your entire genetic code for less than $1,000. ___47___
Two different university laboratories have developed tests that will reveal the entirety of a baby’s genetic code using
just a blood sample from the mother plus a drop of saliva (唾液) from the father.
Prenatal (出生前的) whole-genome sequencing will provide volumes of information beyond the currently
available tests exclusively for genetic disorders such as Down’s syndrome or Tay-Saches disease. The three billion
units of code furnished in the new tests will also dwarf(使…相形见的) the relative trickle (零散) of information
provided by consumer gene-testing services such as 23andMe, which currently look only at perhaps about one
million locations in the genome.
___48___ Without careful planning, the new prenatal genetics might rob a child of the chance to make decisions
best left until adulthood — whether or not to learn, for instance, if a mutation (突变) predicts the inevitability of
Huntington’s disease 20 years hence.
___49___ Similar laissez faire(放任) action to prenatal whole-genome testing could portend (预示) tragedy.
Ultimately certain agency will need to develop a comprehensive policy on prenatal whole genome testing.
Bioethics scholars wrote an analysis last summer that calls on the medical community to develop a guide to the most
relevant genomic data for future parents. ___50___ Without access to a much higher level of refined expertise, the
secrets of our offspring’s genetic code will continue to remain an unnerving cipher — or worse.
A. Unfortunately, there aren’t nearly enough trained genetics counselors to handle the coming upsurge in demand
for this type of information.
B. Adults cannot do much to alter their biological lot, but what if parents could examine their unborn child’s genome?
C. Cancer has become the first killer these years. That’s why people tend to take overtreatment with the knowledge
of family history.
D. Another fear is that a customer without discussing with genetics counselor can receive information via the Internet
about a multifold greater risk of breast cancer.
E. Another problem arises whether it is moral to choose to stop pregnancy because of the genome problem.
F. Attitudes toward child rearing might change along with the new technology.
IV Summary Writing
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more
than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
'This is crisis teaching': students with disabilities are neglected as coronavirus shuts schools
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Homeschooling your children during the Covid-19 pandemic(流行病) is hard. For parents whose children have
a disability, it's a 'herculean(困难的) task'
As her mom tells it, Sesame Street(儿童节目) is Aubrey's first and only love. Her affection for the program's
cast of puppets, for Elmo in particular, is so aggressive and pure that her parents have to restrict her access to it
because she gets so peculiar after watching it.
Aubrey, whose real name her parents asked be withheld to protect her privacy, is a 16-year-old student in Los
Angeles. As a teenager living with autism(自闭症), routine is the bedrock of her day.
But in the days of a spiraling coronavirus crisis, predicting what comes next is all but impossible. “Think about
how we are with uncertainty and multiply it by a million. For her not knowing is almost unbearable,” said her father,
Pirouz Kavehpour.
Today, with 124,000 of the nation's schools closed due to coronavirus, Kavehpour has joined the ranks of
millions of parents turned into homeschool teachers overnight – no easy feat for any working parent, but especially
challenging for parents whose children have disabilities.
It remains unclear when schools across the country will reopen. California officials already indicated they won't
restart this academic year and a handful of other states have closed doors until fall. And as classrooms shift to online
learning, many of the services guaranteed to the nation's roughly 7 million children with disabilities have been
effectively suspended.
Federal law promises to give students educational services that address individual needs. But it's unclear when
children with disabilities will get the kind of face-to-face help they had been getting at school before.(Adapted from
the Guardian BY Jerry)
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 你应该就你的所作所为向在场的所有人表示歉意。（present）(汉译英)
53. 你能否清晰地阐述究竟是什么导致了这一起严重地事故？（make）(汉译英)
54. 他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。（desert）(汉译英)
55. 由于全球变暖大约有 200 个物种将会在 21 世纪 30 年代灭绝，似乎联合国安理会就该国际问题已经做
出了决议。（It）(汉译英)
. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
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假设你是新华中学的学生李华，你和在上海上学的英国朋友 Tom 约好下周末去北京旅游，但你因故不能
赴约。请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：
1. 表示歉意；
2. 解释原因；
3. 另约时间。
注意：1. 词数 120-150；2. 可适当增加细节。
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